The effect of each element on the performance of electrical steel

When we look at the properties of electrical steel, we will see a table of the ratio of each element. The content of each element has an impact on performance. The following is an example of the specific impact of several important elements on performance.

C: Carbon is extremely harmful to electrical steel, and carbon will increase coercive force and hysteresis loss. As the carbon content increases, P15 increases; carbon can also form interstitial solid solutions with iron, causing serious lattice distortion, causing large internal stress, and significantly reducing magnetic properties, so C<0.015% in the finished product is required.

Si: Adding silicon to electrical steel is mainly to increase resistivity, reduce eddy current loss, reduce iron loss, and promote grain growth.

Mn: Manganese can expand the y-phase region, which is conducive to grain growth and reduces iron loss. MnS can be formed to prevent thermal embrittlement caused by the formation of FeS, and it can also reduce the phase transition temperature, lower the annealing temperature, reduce the grain size, and affect the magnetic properties, so generally Mn/S≥10.

P: Phosphorus has a similar effect to silicon, shrinking the y-phase region, promoting grain growth, increasing resistivity and hardness, and reducing iron loss. Control below 0.03%.

S: Sulfur is a harmful element, and sulfur increases iron loss and coercive force. Sulfur and manganese form fine MnS particles, which hinder the grain growth when the finished product is annealed. Therefore, the smaller the S content, the better, generally controlled below 0.015%.

N: Nitrogen is dissolved in iron as an interstitial atom, and is an element that strongly expands austenite. Nitrogen can form AIN with aluminum, which has the same effect as MnS. Reasonable production technology can effectively improve magnetic properties and reduce iron loss. If the control is not good, it will affect the performance of silicon steel. Generally, the nitrogen content should be controlled below 0.002%.

O: Oxygen forms an interstitial solid solution in y-Fe, which deforms the lattice, increases the coercive force, increases the magnetic aging effect, and decreases the magnetic properties. Oxygen in steel is easy to form oxide inclusions such as SiO2 and A1203, which hinders grain growth and reduces magnetic properties. Therefore, the lower the oxygen content in silicon steel, the better.

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