Introduction of electrical steel

Electrical steel is the general term for electrical steel such as silicon steel, pure iron, and permalloy. It is an indispensable and important soft magnetic alloy for electric power, electronics, and military industries. It is also the metal functional material with the largest output. It is mainly used for various motors, power generation Iron cores of machines and transformers, etc. Electrical steel is made by adding silicon to low-carbon pure iron, which not only increases the hardness and resistance, but also maintains good soft magnetic properties.

There are many types of electrical steel with different properties. The common classification method is divided into cold-rolled electrical steel and hot-rolled electrical steel according to the process. Cold-rolled electrical steel is divided into oriented electrical steel and non-oriented electrical steel, and non-oriented electrical steel is divided into cold-rolled oriented low-carbon and low-silicon electrical steel and cold-rolled non-oriented electrical steel.

Cold rolled non-oriented low carbon low silicon electrical steel refers to electrical steel with Si < 1% or (Si+AI) < 1%, with a nominal thickness of 0.5mm and 0.6mm. It is characterized by simple process and low manufacturing cost. This kind of steel has low silicon content, high magnetic induction intensity and high iron loss. It is mainly used to produce household motors and micro motors, small motors, ballasts and small transformers below 1 kW. Cold-rolled non-oriented electrical steel is a silicon-iron soft magnetic alloy with extremely low carbon mass fraction, and it is a necessary magnetic material for the development of electric power, telecommunications and military industries. Cold-rolled non-oriented silicon steel has high silicon and aluminum quality, low iron loss and low magnetic induction. Medium and low grade cold-rolled non-oriented electrical steel can be used to manufacture small and medium-sized industrial motors, compressors, transformers and current stabilizers in household appliances and other electrical equipment.

Grain-oriented electrical steel refers to a type of cold-rolled electrical steel with a silicon content of 2.9% to 3.3%, and after special processing, most of the grains have the same orientation, so that the magnetic properties are extremely superior. This kind of steel is divided into ordinary oriented electrical steel and high magnetic induction oriented electrical steel. It is mainly used to manufacture large-scale variable hot-rolled electrical steel. The silicon content can be divided into hot-rolled low-silicon steel (1.0%~2.5%) and hot-rolled high-silicon steel ( 3.0%~4.5%) two types. The former is used in motor manufacturing with a nominal thickness of 0.5mm; the latter is used in transformer manufacturing with a nominal thickness of 0.35mm and 0.50mm. Due to the low magnetic properties and large fluctuations of hot-rolled electrical steel, the uneven thickness of the steel plate, the surface is easily oxidized and not smooth, the punching performance is poor, and it cannot be supplied in coils. The production process is many and the cycle is long, so it is being phased out.

Electrical steel sheets usually use core loss and magnetic induction as the guarantee of product magnetism. The performance requirements include: low iron core loss, high magnetic induction, smooth surface and uniform thickness of the steel plate, good insulating film performance, and small magnetic aging phenomenon. Compared with hot-rolled electrical steel sheets, cold-rolled steel sheets have certain advantages.

It is understood that the phenomenon that magnetism changes with the use of time is called magnetic aging.

If it is caused by impurity elements such as carbon and nitrogen in the steel. Solid solubility of carbon and nitrogen in electrical steel at high temperature

High, when cooling from high temperature quickly, carbon and nitrogen have no time to precipitate to form a supersaturated solid solution. core in

During long-term operation, especially when the temperature rises to 50 ° C ~ 80 ° C, the excess carbon and nitrogen will be precipitated as fine and dispersed tungsten carbide and Fe16N4 particles, which will increase the coercive force and core loss, resulting in magnetic aging Phenomenon.

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